Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a type of eccentric personality disorder. People having the disorder often appear odd or strange. Those having PPD suffer from an obsession – an intense and insistent distrust and doubt of other people, even when there’s no need for suspicion. PPD tends to commence in early adulthood and is somewhat commoner in males than in females.
The precise cause of the condition is not known, however, it involves a blend of biological and psychological factors. There is definitely a genetic link. Early childhood experiences —physical or emotional trauma have a pivotal role to play in the development of paranoid personality disorder.
Symptoms Of Paranoid Personality Disorder
- People having paranoid personality disorder are always on their guard, and believe that others are trying to harm, hurt, degrade or threaten them. These usually unfounded beliefs, as well as their habit of blame and distrust, may hamper their capacity to form close relationships.
- They mistrust the promises, loyalty, and honesty of others, and firmly believe that others are using them or cheating them.
- They do not confide in other people or disclose any personal information out of fear that it can be used against them.
- They hold grudges and are very unforgiving.
- They are hypersensitive and take criticism badly.
- Tend to read veiled meanings in the innocent remarks by others.
- React with anger and are quick to strike back.
- Have recurrent suspicions, without any reason, that their spouses are being unfaithful to them.
- Are generally cold and distant in their relationships with other people, and might become controlling and resentful.
- Cannot see their role in problems or conflicts, believing they are always right.
- Cannot stay calm and relaxed.
- Are aggressive, obstinate, and quarrelsome.
Treatment Approach For Paranoid Personality Disorder
The treatment regimen can be very successful. On the other hand, most people with paranoid personality disorder do not want to accept treatment. PPD calls for a multi-disciplinary approach –
- Helping the patient learn how to deal well with their condition.
- Learn to communicate with others in social situations.
- Decrease the feelings of paranoia.
People having paranoid personality disorder do not seek treatment on their own given that they do not see themselves as having any problem. The characteristic distrust feature of PPD patients poses a huge challenge for health care professionals since trust is a vital factor of counseling; consequently, many people with paranoid personality disorder do not follow their treatment regimen.
By and large, medications are not used to treat paranoid personality disorder. On the other hand, drugs — such as anti-depressants or anti-psychotics are occasionally prescribed if the manifestations are too severe, or if he also has an associated psychological problem, such as anxiety or phobia.
Prognosis for paranoid personality disorder tends to vary. It is a chronic condition, and will last throughout life; nonetheless episodes and exacerbations can be effectively managed. Some people function considerably well with PPD and are able to marry and hold jobs, others are totally disabled by the condition. Given that the patient tends to repel treatment and therapy, the outcome is often poor.
When treatment is sought, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for paranoid personality disorder. Treatment likely will focus on increasing general coping skills, as well as on improving social interaction, communication, and self-esteem.